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M9640793.TXT
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1996-03-04
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Document 0793
DOCN M9640793
TI Preventing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in persons infected with human
immunodeficiency virus.
DT 9604
AU Simonds RJ; Hughes WT; Feinberg J; Navin TR; Division of HIV/AIDS,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,; Atlanta, Georgia 30333,
USA.
SO Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;21 Suppl 1:S44-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96002826
AB Although the incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among
adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has declined, no
decline in PCP incidence has been observed among HIV-infected children,
and PCP remains the most common serious opportunistic infection among
both adults and children in the United States. Some evidence of airborne
transmission of P. carinii exists, and some clusters of cases of PCP
have been reported; however, data are insufficient to recommend that
persons with PCP be separated from immunosuppressed persons as a
standard practice. The incidence of PCP can be reduced substantially if
persons at risk for PCP are identified and receive adequate
chemoprophylaxis. Several drugs and drug combinations are highly
effective in preventing PCP. For both adults and children, oral
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is the preferred form of
prophylaxis. Adverse effects are commonly associated with the use of
TMP-SMZ and in some cases may necessitate withdrawal of the drug until
the effects resolve. However, reintroduction at the same dose or at a
lower and gradually increasing dose will often permit the continued use
of TMP-SMZ. For persons intolerant of TMP-SMZ, dapsone alone and dapsone
plus pyrimethamine are effective alternatives. A third alternative is
aerosolized pentamidine. Additional drugs of unproven efficacy but of
potential use in exceptional cases are available.
DE Adolescence Adult Anti-Infective Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE Antifungal
Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE AIDS-Related Opportunistic
Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL Child
Dapsone/THERAPEUTIC USE Drug Therapy, Combination Human Incidence
Infection Control/METHODS Pentamidine/THERAPEUTIC USE Pneumonia,
Pneumocystis carinii/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL
Pyrimethamine/THERAPEUTIC USE Research Risk Factors
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination/THERAPEUTIC USE United
States/EPIDEMIOLOGY JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).